Business Operations And Development Human Resource...

BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT July 11 2015 MANAGE HUMAN RESOURCE AS A MANAGER IN A BUSINESS OPERATION. Unit standard 19022 LEVEL - 6 Version - 3 Credits - 12 Submitted by - Ramanpreet Singh Student ID - ND 15402 Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of NZAB main markets India, provide an outline for the most favorable or desirable organizational structure for NZAB new current situation. The new organizational structure should be outlined in terms of the functions and activities of the business operation. b) Use a diagram to support your explanation of the outline. ïÆ'Ëœ Managing Director: In NZAB managing director is the person who is responsible for all the strategies of the board of NZAB. Responsibilities of managing director are :- †¢ Direct and control the work and resources of NZAB. †¢ To provide strategic advice and guidance to the chairman or executive director. ïÆ'Ëœ Executive Director: The role of executive director in NZAB is that the person who is executive director he/she is specified person for decision making for all the marketing operations working under executive director. ïÆ'Ëœ Academic Director: Academic director is the specified programmer leader of NZAB. Who is recruiting staff for the appropriate department. He/she is the person who is lookingShow MoreRelatedBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pages Unit Standard 19022 Business Operation and Development – Human Resource Management Jitender Singh Level 6, Credit – 12. â€Æ' Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation. a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of the NZAB main markets in India provide an outline for the most favorable or desirable organization structure for NZAB new current situation. The new organization structure should be outline in term of the functions and the activityRead MoreBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4290 Words   |  18 Pages Student: Tushar Dobariya Student ID (15693) Sub: Business operation and development Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The IT program leader should be qualified and well educated as well as well experienced in IT industry. He/ she know basic things of work related to IT such as ZAVA, LINUX, and MICROSOFT. †¢ The program leader of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of English. Follow the instructors and verify that as opposed toRead MoreHuman Resources Management Principles For A Profitable Professional Service Organizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesuse management principles to maximize profitability. The importance of management principles include; â€Å"improves understanding, direction for training of manager, role of management and guide to research in management† (MSG Management Study Guide., 2015). In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreHuman Resorce Management vs. Operations Management vs.Preoject Management737 Words   |  3 PagesOrlandus Leonard Human Resources Management vs. Operational Management Kaplan University MT 435 Operations Management Human Resources Management and Operational Management are two very distinct managements that are strangely co-dependent of each other in my view. Operations Management is responsible for designing, operating and improving productive systems or in layman’s terms, systems for getting work done. Operations Managers are found in all walks of life. In anything you basically doRead MoreEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreInformation Technology ( It ) Is A Universal And Versatile Tool1646 Words   |  7 Pageswould lose my way. In addition, I can order pizza or anything else in the internet. In business, we cannot without it. We used for information-based system, intranet, and paperless system at work. We need a financial management system to deal with the financial things, and Decision Support System can help and support the decision and strategy. Along with IT developingï ¼Å'it is more and more important in business. It can strengthen enterprise competitiveness and promote enterprise reform. In the pastRead MoreResource Management At Apple Inc.1146 Words   |  5 PagesResource Management Resource management is another interesting and important topic in the business of various organizations engaged in the manufacturing and sale of goods and service. Several organizations in the technology industry have managed to make investments in this industry, and thus it is important to monitor the use of various resources to avoid wastage. Resource management is currently considered as a strategy that is focused on reducing the cost of production and thus reducing the costRead MoreA Business Life Cycle Of Assessing, Planning, And Acting The Data From The Assessment Phase1383 Words   |  6 PagesThrough a business life cycle of assessing, planning, and acting the data from the assessment phase is key to the success of other two phases. As the business cycles between planning and acting the results of activity need to be analyzed and incorporated into the adjustment of plans. During the assessment phase business leaders place an emphasis on measured business performance analysis to inform the planning phase (or the highest level of planning, strategy development). The empirical data derivedRead MoreTEN OPERATION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Definitions of Operations management Operations management  refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.  Operations management  is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management  is an area of  management  concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of  production  and redesigning  business operations  inRead MoreWhat Role Do Hrm Practices Play in a Business Decision to Expand Internationally?1327 Words   |  6 PagesPractices Play In A Business Decision To Expand Internationally? Ilein Arteaga 2608214 Florida International University HRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF BUSINESS Human Resource practices play a great role in the international expansion of businesses. With globalization being the current trend in businesses all over the world, success of international business units depends heavily on the effective performance of the Human Resource department (Edwards

Light Pollution - 3142 Words

Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changed years ago, but nearly everyone has resisted, perhaps due to a profound lack of awareness. The use of too many lights at night can cause environmental pollution, known as light pollution. Light pollution can block our ability to see the original†¦show more content†¦The night is being turned into day in most areas by poorly designed and improperly aimed unshielded outdoor lighting. Lights brighten our roads and highways from dusk to dawn, whether vehicles are traveling or not. It ligh ts our parking lots and building exteriors whether or not employees or patrons are present. We think bright light frightens away crime, but no study has yet proven this to be true. The best assumption that can be made by these studies is people merely have a feeling of safety. Crime continues to rage on in large cities that never seem to sleep while remaining bathed in a nocturnal glow. The glow comes from bad lighting applied by designers who dont understand the four elementary concepts, which are shield it, point it down, dont use more than you need, and turn it off when you are done and not there. As the number of lights we use at night increases because of population growth and industrialization, the more difficult it will be for us to see the stars. However, as the human population started booming in the past and more industries wanted to work later hours than sunset, light pollution increased. In fact, an astronomer discovered this glow because the usage of light was blocking the astronomer from discovering new objects in the solar system. The knowledge and discovery of the galaxies is a priceless heritage. However, lightShow MoreRelatedLight Pollution1702 Words   |  7 Pagessociety known as light pollution. Light pollution is essentially excessive light from outside lighting fixtures that is misused and causes several negative effects. This increasing and perplexing issue is often magnified by industrialization and urban development which often neglects to consider the momentous problems light pollution causes. Despite serious efforts to minimize light pollution, â€Å"†¦light pollution rises about 6% every year† (Parks 30). One should know what light pollution entails, theRead MoreThe Problem of Light Pollution1613 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Research question How can new approaches in design reduce the problem of light pollution? Background In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution. Light pollution is the pollution caused by misplaced artificial light. It is a rapidly increasing environmental problem. In the urban landscape that we live in, light pollution can have implications for the visualRead More light pollution Essay3074 Words   |  13 Pages Light pollution happened slowly at first which was several decades ago it was a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when people all their our beds fast asleep. The process still continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they needs to be done immediately. In fact, our methods should have been changedRead MoreLight Pollution And The Problems It Creates1595 Words   |  7 PagesLight Pollution and the Problems it Creates Sci-fi Synopsis: The year is 2258, and in an effort to keep up with the increase in population and industrialization, artificial light has increased to the point where one can no longer tell the difference between night and day, since it is always daytime somewhere in the world. The public have long since forgotten about the sun and the stars. People must initiate certain protocols in their homes in order to gain the dark necessary for sleep. One nightRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effects On Health1544 Words   |  7 Pages Most people have heard of air pollution, water pollution, and many kinds of pollution like them. Issues like these are covered extensively in the media and are targeted by many environmental groups. In fact, many of these issues play significant roles in political elections. Though these kinds of pollution are widely known, there is another type of pollution that receives far less attention. Few environmental groups mention it, and many members of the general public have not e ven heard of it. HoweverRead MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On Humans And The World1307 Words   |  6 PagesWhen someone thinks of pollution, they most likely think of toxins and contamination in bodies of water and in the air. While these familiar types of pollution are large problems, there is a lesser known variety of pollution involving excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive light that is just as large of an issue. This variety of pollution is called light pollution or photo pollution. The effects of light pollution on humans and the world’s various ecosystems are various and need to be realized. Read MoreThe Effects Of Light Pollution On The Outdoor Environment1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmisdirected, obstructive or unneeded artificial light. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide, etc. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may not be known yet. Scientific definitions thus include the following: †¢ Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light. †¢ Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. †¢ Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (fromRead MoreLight Pollution And Its Effect On The Earth998 Words   |  4 PagesLight, is a type of wave that has electromagnetic radiation, traveling in transverse waves at a different wavelength from the sources to be visible to the human eye. With the presence of light, human could see things with the sense of sight. The light come from different sources but mainly from sunlight which enable process of photosynthesis where plants make their food and sustain life on earth. Light, is also a sign of civilization, showing the presence of human whenever light is seen from theRead MoreLight Pollution: The Dark Side of Outdoor Lighting3064 Words   |  13 Pagesall the incandescent light bulbs in your home with energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) or light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. However, you may be unwittingly contributing to carbon emissions and interfering with delicate ecosystems through light pollution. Light pollution, unlike other forms of contamination and waste, remains largely overlooked and unregulated in industrialized countries. Learn more about the cause, different types, and effects of light pollution, and how adjusting yourRead MoreLight Pollution : An Earthquake Shook Los Angeles2188 Words   |  9 PagesJoel Barnett Claudia Moura Pols 1 Dec 1, 2014 Light Pollution In 1994, an earthquake shook Los Angeles, knocking out its power and leaving its inhabitants stranded in darkness. In the hours that followed the blackout, many anxious residents called local emergency centers to report seeing a strange â€Å"giant, silvery cloud† in the dark sky. According to Terence Dickinson in his book Nightwatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, some people even believed a â€Å"sudden brightening of the stars.

Cars Versus Motorcycles free essay sample

Cars versus motorcycles In the united states many people buy cars and motorcycles. Some people prefer driving cars rather than motorcycles. Both are very popular types of transportation these days. Cars and motorcycles have many differences in their cost, convenience ,safety, comfort and maintenance. The first difference between cars and motorcycles are the cost. For example, people need to pay a lot of money if they want to buy or lease a car. However, motorcycles are cheaper to rent or buy. Also, cars are more convenient than motorcycles. For instance, cars can transport many people but motorcycles do not do it. Also, cars have air condition and people can listen music while they drive. Other, advantages have a car is another person can drive for someone when he is drunk. Motorcycles are most popular in young people because is most exciting, easy to parking and avoids traffic. The second important difference is safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Cars Versus Motorcycles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, cars have seat beats and air bags can protect the drivers. However ,in motorcycles, people only can use helmet, so drivers are fragile. Also, cars have a cage most protectors in case of accident than motorcycles. Although, the car insurance is the most expensive than motorcycles it covers all damage. Also, people in motorcycle need to use sunglasses for protect their eyes. In case of terrible accident people in motorcycle died, so cars are most safety. Other essential differences are comfort and maintenance . Motorcycles do not have comfort because seats are very awkward. However ,cars have soft seats and if it is raining people will not get wet. When people need to change oil and tires, it is very expensive. Also, cars are most difficult to repair and use a lot of gas. However ,motorcycles are too easy repair because do not have a big motor. Motorcycles are not difficult to maintain. In conclusion ,cars and motorcycles are very different in their cost, convenience, safety, comfort and maintenance. A lot of people buy cars or motorcycles, it is a very common type of transportation . Each person buys a vehicle that they like for their features.

The Gentlemen of the Jungle free essay sample

When Jomo Kenyatta is born in Kenya which at that time was known as British East Africa, it was under British supreme rule, the native black people of the region have no right what so ever. The British minority ruled the region, and any attempt on overthrowing the rule is struck down hard. Jomo went to London a few times to study and lobby for more land to the Kikuyu tribe which he belonged to. In 1952 he was arrested and charged with being a member of a radical anti-colonial movement. He wrote the story: The Gentlemen of the jungle, which uses animals to describe characters which played a part in the colonial affairs in British East Africa, but which animals represent what? What is the moral of the story and what are the themes? The first animal we hear about is the elephant who is seeking shelter from the heavy rain is a friend’s small hut. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gentlemen of the Jungle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The man allows him to seek shelter in his hut on some terms; since the hut is small the elephant can only have his trunk inside, the elephant is grateful. But slowly he pushed his head inside and the fly out of the hut, and the elephant occupied the hut. Unhappy with the situation the man started arguing with the elephant. This situation represents the first encounter between the natives and the British white people. The native were at first friendly and invites the white people in to share the country, but after a while the British got greedy and took more and more from the natives. The natives of cause got angry about it and started complaining. The elephant represent the British a district minister, who exploits the natives and steals their land. When the man has made enough noise, along comes the lion, and to solve the situation he tells his minister to appoint a commission of enquiry. Has the story mentions the lion is king of the jungle, therefore it must represent the British monarchy or the government. A commission is assembled consisting of the elders of the jungle. When the man saw the personal of the commission the man protested, as there was member from his side, the lions explains to him that no one from his side is represented because none is well enough educated to do so, he also tells him not to worry cause the members of the enquiry is impartial and chosen by god to defend the less educated and civilized. The commission of enquiry represents wealthy and high standing white people in the region, who has a common interest in exploiting the land and its native people. Doing the hearing the elephant tells his side of the story, but when the man is about to tell his side, the commission declares they have sufficient evidence, and retired to come with a conclusion. They reached a verdict and called the man, they kick him of his hut and the elephant moves, but they do allow him to seek out a new sight for a house. Every time he constructs a new house a member of the commission comes and moves in. To fool the animal he builds a bigger and more desirable house, when all the animals was in the house arguing who had ownership the man burned it to the ground with the animals inside. The man of cause represents the natives of Kenya or British East Africa, and the ending represent the native’s rebellion against the regime of Britain. There are a lot of themes in the story; one of them being the colonization of Africa, this text tells a good story about how the white people exploited the natives and their land for fortunes. The text is also a prime example that brute force does not match wisdom. The morale of the story is written in the text: Peace is costly but it is worth the expense. It covers the story every well, all he has to go through to get his freedom. He loses time and time again but always rises to win in the end. Every role you might think would play apart in a suppression of a region and its people is represented the elephant being a sort of district minister, the monarchy being the lion, the rich and high standing people being the enquiry and the man being the victims for colonization. The themes also have to do with the fight against the regime. The morale makes the whole text stand out much clearer

Zeus - Fast Facts About the Olympian God Zeus

Zeus - Fast Facts About the Olympian God Zeus Name: Greek - Zeus; Roman - JupiterParents: Cronus and RheaFoster Parents: Nymphs in Crete; nursed by AmaltheaSiblings: Hestia, Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, Hades, and Zeus. Zeus was the youngest sibling and also the oldest since he was alive before the regurgitation of the gods by Papa Cronus.Mates: (legion:) Aegina, Alcmena, Antiope, Asteria, Boetis, Calliope, Callisto, Calyce, Carme, Danae, Demeter, Dia, Dino, Dione, Cassiopeia, Elare, Electra, Europa, Eurymedusa, Eurynome, Hera, Himalia, Hora, Hybris, Io, Juturna, Laodamia, Leda, Leto, Lysithoe, Maia, Mnemosyne, Niobe, Nemesis, Othris, Pandora, Persephone, Protogenia, Pyrrha, Selene, Semele, Taygete, Themis, Thyia [from Carlos Paradas list]Wives:  Metis, Themis, HeraChildren: legion, including: Moirai, Horae, Muses, Persephone, Dionysus, Heracles, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hebe, Hermes, Athena, Aphrodite Role of Zeus For Humans: Zeus was god of the sky, weather, law ​and order. Zeus presides over oaths, hospitality, and suppliants.For Gods: ​Zeus was king of the gods. He was called the father of gods and men. The gods had to obey him.Canonical Olympian?  Yes. Zeus is one of the canonical Olympians. Jupiter Tonans Zeus is the king of the gods in the Greek pantheon. He and his two brothers split the rule of the world, with Hades becoming king of the Underworld, Poseidon, king of the sea, and Zeus, king of the heavens. Zeus is known as Jupiter among the Romans. In art work depicting Zeus, the king of the gods often appears in altered form. He frequently shows up as an eagle, as when he abducted  Ganymede,  or a bull. One of the main attributes of Jupiter (Zeus) was  as  a thunder god. Jupiter/Zeus sometimes takes on the characteristics of a supreme deity. In  Suppliants, of Aeschylus, Zeus is described as: king of kings, of the happy most happy, of the perfect most perfect power, blessed ZeusSup. 522. Zeus is also described by Aeschylus with the following attributes: the universal fatherfather of gods and menthe universal causethe all-seer and all-doerthe all-wise and all-controllingthe just and the executor of justicetrue and incapable of falsehood. Source:  Bibliotheca sacra Volume 16  (1859). Zeus Courting Ganymede Ganymede is known as the cupbearer of the gods. Ganymede had been a mortal prince of Troy when his great beauty caught the eye of Jupiter/Zeus. When Zeus kidnapped the most beautiful of mortals, the Trojan prince Ganymede, from Mt. Ida (where Paris of Troy was later a shepherd and where Zeus had been raised in safety from his father), Zeus paid Ganymedes father with immortal horses. Ganymedes father was King Tros, the eponymous founder of Troy. Ganymede replaced Hebe as cupbearer for the gods after Hercules married her. Galileo discovered the bright moon of Jupiter which we know of as Ganymede. In Greek mythology, Ganymede was made immortal when Zeus took him to Mt. Olympus, so its appropriate that his name should be given to a bright object that is forever in Jupiters orbit. On Ganymede, from  Vergils Aeneid Book V  (Dryden translation): There Ganymede is wrought with living art,Chasing thro Idas groves the trembling hart:Breathless he seems, yet eager to pursue;When from aloft descends, in open view,The bird of Jove, and, sousing on his prey,With crooked talons bears the boy away.In vain, with lifted hands and gazing eyes,His guards behold him soaring thro the skies,And dogs pursue his flight with imitated cries. Zeus and Danae Danae was the mother of the Greek hero Perseus. She became pregnant by Zeus in the form of a beam of sunlight or a shower of gold. Zeus offspring included  Moirai, Horae, Muses, Persephone, Dionysus, Heracles, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Hebe, Hermes, Athena, and Aphrodite. Sources Carlos Parada - ZeusTheoi Zeus

Process Analysis and Problem Solving

Process Analysis and Problem Solving Introduction The level of competition in different industries in which organizations operate today is high and calls for increased competitiveness. In order to improve the competitiveness, firms could engage in different firm activities that may include process improvement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Process Analysis and Problem Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may call for analysis of the problem and seeking different ways of solving the issues. In order to improve business processes, an organization needs to have the necessary knowledge and expertise. The business process could be attained through establishment of change such as business process reengineering. In spite of the good intentions of the changes, there is always resistance to change that could lead to project failure as examined in this paper. In addition, this paper examines reengineering as an example of process improvement i n organizations. History of Process Improvement Change is a constant element in organizations given the dynamic business environment that firms operate in. Organizations operate in many business environments that are characterised by free entry and exit, increasing competition and technological advancement. In order for organizations to maintain their competitiveness, they need to embrace change and improve their manufacturing processes, service delivery and operations. Process improvement has occurred in firms over many years. Over many years, quality improvement in firms was done using regular inspection and changed over time to total quality management and the modern six sigma approach. Process improvement concept was first used by Harrington James in 1991 when he published in his book on process improvement. The method involves redesigning and reengineering business process in order to improve quality of an organization’s output while gaining a competitive edge at the sam e time.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since its introduction, process improvement has been able to be applied in many firms. The application of information technology in the process is a vital ingredient that will revolutionalize the future of process improvement in firms. Process Improvement in Firms The improvement of business processes in an organization has not been smooth for most firms. As the management of an organization introduces change in the company, there is always resistance to change with most employees opting to remain with the current processes of the firm. Reengineering According to Hammer Champy (2000, p. 2), process improvement in organization requires reengineering, which is defined as the ability of an organization to disregards all its assumptions and traditional way of doing business and instead developing and adopting a new proc ess centred business organization. The adopted new process should help an organization improve its performance. In order to achieve the required process reengineering for an organization, an organization needs to adopt a fresh perspective and approach. In order to acquire change through process reengineering, it is necessary that an organization rethink and establish radical redesigning of its processes in order to generate the required dramatic improvements. The process could be well illustrated in the figure below. As indicated in the above diagram, Hammer Champy (2000, p. 3) notes that reengineering requires starting over for an organization. In order for an organization to succeed in the modern environment, there is need for its processes to be fast, of high quality, flexible and of low cost.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Process Analysis and Problem Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The init ial phases of organizational change began long time ago with Adam Smith who proposed labour specialization, followed by establishment of infrastructure, the assembly line and hierarchical structure of the firm. In spite of the importance of these principles, their application in the modern business environment could result in delays, rigidity and high overhead costs in the production process. The first step of reengineering begins with the focus on the fundamentals of the company. The fundamentals of an organization relate to the main activities of the firm, why they are done the way they are and the tacit rules and assumptions of present activities. According to Hammer Champy (2000, p. 4), reengineering concentrates on what ought to be or should be done and ignores what is done. The radical redesign phase is concerned with the reinvention of the organization. This does not involve making of superficial changes or marginal enhancements to the firm but changes and designs that enhan ce new features of the organization. The potential dramatic result is the phase that the firm realizes the outcome of reengineering. According to Piderit (2000), reengineering leads to quantum leaps in the performance of an organization rather than incremental improvements. Business process orientation involves evolving of the firm around its business processes. The processes undertake inputs in order to generate valuable outputs to the customer. In order for a business process to work, it must produce added value rather than internal activity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various organizations could undertake the reengineering process. According to Revilak et al. (2007, p. 56), companies that operate in a competitive industry could undertake reengineering to increase their competitive advantage. Other sets of companies are those whose management could realize approaching issues along their paths of operation. The third sets of organizations are those that have ambitious management teams that perceive reengineering as a means of achieving market dominance and leadership. Process improvement of an organization through reengineering is characterised by various features. To begin with, the processes that an organization uses to perform its operations are simplified with the description of jobs being expanded to become multidimensional. Introduction of change in an organization increases employee autonomy and empowerment with power distance in the organization being reduced. Employees work as teams with group work and cooperation being enhanced. As the ma nagement of the organization adopts a flatter arrangement from a hierarchical structure, professionals within the firm become the key personnel to steer change. Employees are motivated to work for the firm and the measurement for performance of employees moves from activities to outcome of each employee. The managers no longer act as supervisors but coaches that help employees attain their maximum potential. Lastly, the organization and employees do not focus on pleasing the management but the end user of products and services, the customer (Hammer Champy 2000, p. 8). Change in organizations can be in different forms. Incremental or first order changes are minor changes that alter small aspects of the firm while leaving the general business environment the same. Transformational or strategic changes in organizations aim at changing the entire business framework of a firm. Change Management Process In order to apply the required change, an organization needs to identify the problem it is facing in order to find and develop the best solution to the problems. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), lack of proper diagnosis of the problem could lead to implementation of the wrong process in the organization. The outcome could worsen performance rather than improve the performance of the organization. The problem identification process involves various steps as outlined below. Problem Identification Organizations face many issues some of which are complex while others are simple. The identification of problems of the firm needs to be followed by prioritizing the issues so that the company can make decision on which issues to be solved first. Symptoms: the establishing of the issues affecting the organization needs to be followed by diagnosing the features or symptoms of the problem. The symptoms of the problems of the firm should be distinguished from the causes of the problem. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), business analysts usually hear many issues affecting the firm and they give many solutions. It is important that the firm does not ignore any solution given. However, the solution provided should be argued out with the management of an organization in order to establish its effectiveness (Boeker 1997, p. 155). Alternatives: after serious analysis of a given situation in an organization and hearing possible solutions from a business analyst, it is important that the organization develops alternatives for its problems. The approaches that could solve the problem of an organization could come with different consequences and costs that make it necessary for the management to discuss each alternative exclusively. After discussion of each alternative, it is important that the management makes a decision regarding the best solution to fix its issues. The decision should be based on the best approach that solves the problem affecting the firm while leaving it with the least negative effects. The decision made should be followed by implementation and follow up of the effectiveness of the approach. According to Brown Kusiak (2007), follow up is important for organization to ensure that the approach follows the set guidelines and that it has no side effects. In the process of solving an issue affecting an organization and effecting change in the firm, firms do use various methods. Some approaches include cause effect approach and business process reengineering. Unsuccessful Process Improvement Not all initiatives of change in firms end up being successful. Some processes end up failing. According to Pardo del Val Martà ­nez (n.d. p, 3), the failure of change management process for firms is due to the resistance to change within the organization. He further notes that resistance to change in the firm introduces unanticipated delays and many costs in the process of change that the management must now consider in the entire process. In spite of the resistance to change as a cause of failure to change, it has been hailed as a source of important information that could help an organization transform its business framework. The sources of resistance to change are many and while some show up during early stages of planning, others show up in the later stages of implementing the planned changes. As noted by Boeker (1997, p. 153), early sources of resistance could be due to distorted perception of change and misinterpretation of the change to be introduced. The organization could also fail to look ahead in future. Other causes could be denial to introduced changes, perpetuation of ideas and making of implicit assumptions. Ford, Ford D’amelo (2008, p. 5) note that communication barriers in addition to organizational silence could also casus misunderstanding within an organization thereby leading to resistance to change. There is another source of resistance to change. This is noted by some researchers as lack of motivation for change within the firm especially for employees of the organization. The low motivation could be due to low costs, cannibalization costs, cross subsidy comforts and past failures that hinder progress. Lorenzo (2000) argues that resistance to change could also be caused by different interests between employees and the management of an organization. For instance, employees could be for proposed changes while the management could be against change. Pardo del Val Martà ­nez (n.d. p, 367) posits that the third set of resistance to change causes inadequate creative responses. Lack of creativity in an organization could be caused by complexity of the business environment and fast changes that do not allow for environmental scan, reactive mindset that could result to resignation and inadequate strategic vision for the firm. The implementation phase of change is a vital stage that requires total concentration in an organization. However, there is resistance to change during implementation. The resistance could also be caused by various sources such as a poor imple mentation climate in the organization that is brought about by different organizational values and culture. Others are departmental politics and incommensurable beliefs or disagreements. The last set of causes to resistance to change includes inaction of leadership in firm, routines that are embedded in the firm and collective action problems in the organization. Successful Reengineering Process: Ford Motor Corporation Ford Motor Corporation applied the process analysis and problem solving in the 1980s by examining its employee accounts of about 500 employees. After a careful examination of the accounts payables, it was revealed that the company took much of the time in the department to track down discrepancies between orders that were purchased, shipping receipts and invoices. The realization of the problem led to a rethink of possible solutions and reengineering was the only viable solution. The company took various steps as explained below. The management began by establishing an online database mainly for the purchase orders whereby all orders issued by buyers were recorded in the database. Goods were received at the dock while there was an individual to check in the database. The match of the shipment and what is in the database led to the reception of the goods and vice versa. This eliminated possibilities of any discrepancies between orders that were made and what is received. Once the shipment is received, the database is updated immediately to reflect the change. In addition, a check was generated automatically and issued to the vendor in time. The process improvement applied by Ford Motor Corporation was a success. This is because the head count people in the purchasing department reduced drastically from 500 to 125 employees with efficiency in time management being improved dramatically. According to Piderit (2000, p. 785), the reengineering process as applied at Ford Motor Corporation is a lesson to be emulated by many firms wishing to reenginee r their processes. The changes that the company implemented could not have been achieved without the aid of the modern information technology. The process reengineering reflects old processes that have undergone new wrinkles. Another lesson learnt is that reengineering depends on a large scale on information technology. Planning the reengineering process in advance cannot work since what is experienced in the course of the process changes the reengineering plan. Innovation for Organizational Growth Knowledge is an important aspect in every organization. An organization is made of human resources that end up being of great importance since they are involved in the productivity of the products of the organization. The human resources could either be skilled, semi skilled or non-skilled. Skilled employees comprise of employees that and endowed with specific knowledge in a given field or sector in the firm such as management, information technology and manufacturing among many others. S emi skilled employees do posses little knowledge in specific fields. However, they extent of know how is limited. Lastly, non skilled employees do not posses any form of knowledge or expertise in any field in the organization. Most of non skilled employees are usually employed by firms as casuals or non-permanent staff of the firm. Skilled employees are important in an organization. It is important that an organization derives the best ways to manage its knowledgeable employees in order to motivate them and improve their performance and the performance of the organization. Knowledge is important for an organization because it helps an organization undertake research and development that is highly needed for innovation to take place. According to Hansen Birkinshaw (2007, p. 122), knowledge management should be customized for a given set of tasks within an organization. Innovation and value added in the output of a firm is as a result of application of knowledge in order to improve, change or develop a specific task and activities (McDermott, 1999). Therefore, innovation could be termed as the primary purpose of knowledge in an organization. In spite of its importance, innovation could be a complex idea that involves uncertainty and political activities. It might involve people with different experiences and teamwork or group work that is extended over long periods of time. In addition, it requires combination of different knowledge endowments within an organization in order to produce expected results in the form of new products or services produced by a firm. As noted by Hansen Birkinshaw (2007, p. 125), innovation does not only occur through research and development, but also through mainstream work activities within an organization. Innovation is characterised by invention, diffusion and implementation. Therefore, it more than just coming up with a good idea, but is more of putting the ideas into practical use within the organization. The creation of new k nowledge and ideas is an important aspect of innovation. However, they must be accompanied by bringing the ideas and knowledge into widespread use and applying them to solve issues affecting the organization. There is also product and process innovation that is vital for the success of an organization. Product innovation involves the application of new knowledge to the development of tangible products of an organization. On the contrary, process innovation involves the application of new knowledge and ideas to the establishment of new processes within the firm. All these are innovations that utilize knowledge at different levels (Nemeth 1997, p. 63). Based on the above description of innovation, knowledge and knowledge management should be linked to innovation. The innovation process involves different steps that range from formation of an agenda through establishment of a routine to the manufacture of a new product or process. In every step of innovation, there is an emphasis of di fferent aspects of knowledge and management of knowledge. Therefore, it can be concluded that knowledge cannot be separated from innovation as it necessitates the innovative ability of the firm. The firm should always struggle to motivate and maintain its knowledgeable employees in order to maintain its innovative ability and competitiveness in the market. Conclusion Problems analysis and problems solving in an organization is an important aspect of every organization. The modern business environment is dynamic and full of many challenges that organizations needs to develop different mechanisms of solving their issues. The process of solving a problem involves first identifying the issue affecting the corporation and determining possible ways of solving the issues. Out of the many alternatives, the management could choose one. Process improvement and reengineering is one of the many methods of solving issues affecting the firm. The reengineering process is vital since it helps an or ganization develop new processes and frameworks of the firm. One of the successful reengineering was conducted by Ford Motors in the 1980s in which it introduced new process of recording purchases thereby ending up cutting down its costs dramatically. Reengineering process could be accompanied by knowledge and innovation. List of References Boeker, W 1997, ‘Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth’, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 152-170. Brown D Kusiak, J 2007, ‘Problem Analysis Techniques’, IRM Training white paper, IRM Training Pty Ltd. Ford, J, Ford, L D’amelo, A 2008, ‘Resistance to Change: The rest of the Story’, Academy of Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 362-377. Hammer, M Champy J 2000, ‘Reengineering the Corporation: A manifesto for business revolution’, https://summaries.com/. Hansen, A Birkinshaw, J 2007, ‘The innovation value chainâ€⠄¢, Harvard Business Review, June 2007, pp. 121-130. Lorenzo, J 2000, ‘Barreras en los procesos de cambio en las organizaciones: studio de un caso’, Paper presented at the X Congreso Nacional de ACEDE, Oviedo (Spain). McDermott, R 1999, ‘Why information technology inspired but cannot deliver knowledge management’, California Management Review, vol. 41, pp. 103-117. Nemeth, C 1997, ‘Managing innovation: When less is more’, California Management Review, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 59-74. Pardo del Val, M Martà ­nez, C n.d., ‘Resistance to change: a literature review and empirical Study’, Universitat de Valà ¨ncia, Spain. Piderit, S 2000, ‘Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 783-794. Revilak, A et al. 2007, Knowledge management and innovation: an analysis of knowledge factors controlled by gove rnments and their impact on patent creation, George Washington University, Washington.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 57

Reflection - Essay Example Firstly, empiricism holds that the mind of a child has no innate traits. If not corrupted by the society, such a child has the tendency to act towards goodness or neutrality since they have been least predisposed to the world. However, an interesting question that might arise is; why do we have to spend so much time teaching children how to behave if humans are naturally good? Well, that sounds perplexing but since their minds are blank, we have to spend much time teaching them the socially tolerable manners and prevent them from adopting the unacceptable ways of the world. What’s more, our moral philosophies and actions are a product of our social nature. However, there are elementary rules of prudence and justice that explicates and defines how individuals should act for the survival of a peaceful society. I believe that is why we have governments that have enabled the society to flourish. In the absence of governments, the society would spiral into outright pandemonium and confusion would be the order of the day. Factually, the government makes and enforces laws since we believe that human beings are evil and are likely to act unbecomingly if left to exist in an anarchy state, where laws do not exist. While it is true that we are evil, I disagree with the debaters who perceive humanity as wholly evil. I blame it on the media that overemphasis on the evil part while ignoring majority of good things that take place daily, as though it is actually promoting evil over good. A cursory glance at news headlines makes us develop a pessimistic attitude towards humanity. The ceaseless reports of bigots, assassins, thieves, bullies, bombers and racists makes any rational individual to lose hope of ever living in a judicious society where good is what guides individuals’ actions. Regrettably, we are biologically susceptible to evil conducts, and we must, therefore, strive to act

Colin Crouch on Corporate Accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Colin Crouch on Corporate Accountability - Essay Example As the discussion declares   the bust and boom phenomena will continue because the neoliberal ideology has long time implications on the decisions made by organizations. Though there is need for the interests of organisations and the public good to be pursued, the government cannot interfere in the operations of businesses. Likewise, organisations cannot interfere with the business policies developed by the government despite the impacts it has on its operations. Therefore, in order to eliminate this dilemma, Crouch argues that a middle ground must be achieved that brings together the profits interests of businesses with the public good. The middle ground can only be achieved through corporate social responsibility as corporations have today grown into major actors in the public domain. In this paper, the position taken by Crouch that corporation must reduce their dominance with profit success and embrace corporate social accountability will be evaluated. This evaluation will be ba sed on the views adopted by other management scholars in line with the neoliberal attitude towards corporate social responsibility. In Crouch, the impacts neoliberalism and the financial turmoil on the behaviour of corporations have been addressed in the face of their accountability to the society.  

Scientific method Essay Example for Free

Scientific method Essay 1. Epistemology: The theory of knowledge in sociology it is used to refer to the procedures by which sociological knowledge is acquired. The theory of knowledge especially with regard to its methods validity and scope and the dis? nc? on between jus ed belief and opinion. 2. How sociologists conduct their study Interpre? vist Posi? vist Sociologists need to use di%erent ways of ?nding out about the world Seeks to apply the same methods that are used by the natural sciences : RESEARCH. BASED ON LOGIC AND METHOD The study of the ways in which people understand and interpret the world in which they live Use theory to generate hypotheses Interpre? vists wish to understand human behaviour by reconstruc? ng the meanings that people have associated with social situa? ons in which they have found themselves and with their own ac? ons Posi? vists seek to explain human behaviour by reference to social forces ac? ng upon people Interpre? Vist Approaches Posi? vist Approaches  important to think about di%erences in suicidal behaviour between di%erent groups of men He wanted to demonstrate how even this most individual of acts is shaped by social forces the need to research suicide sociologically, and that we need to collect qualita? ve as well as quan? ta? ve data on this topic. Posi? vism: Can deal only with observable things and that phenomena in any form have to be studied in a scien c manner. It does not take in account of the individual’s interpreta? on of the situa? on.

Essay --

By the looks of these starling statistics we can all optically discern sex inculcation is greatly needed. When children are still adolescent their brains are like sponges and it’s more facile for them to obtain information and it’s consequential for us to learn things early. Adolescence is a paramount duration with regard to sexual development considering hormonal changes increase sex drive, change appearance and amend the likelihood of reproduction. The stages of sexuality largely depend on perception but conventionally commence with autoerotic deportment, which translates into authentic sexual activity with another person (Steinberg, 2011), Even though adolescent sexual demeanor is by all accounts mundane, the implicative insinuations cognate to the utilization of contraception are concerning. For instance, â€Å"one worrisome finding suggests that most adolescents report verbalizing about contraception after they first have intercourse, rather than before† (as cited in Steinberg, 2011, p. 342-343). Due to the prevalence of sexual intercourse during adolescence efforts to edify the youth perpetuate to be a top priority of the inculcative system and regime. Nonetheless, these efforts have done little to solve the current crisis in our community with regard to adolescent sexual deportment. A report published by the U.S Department of Health and Human Accommodations â€Å"suggests that as many as 50% of all adolescents are sexually active† (White, 2008, p. 349). A portion of those are puerile women who will become pregnant, adolescent men who will contract a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and teenagers who will suffer from emotional distress and regret. Albeit the majority concurs inculcation is the solution to this dilemma, one q... ...cer and infertility (Steinberg, 2011). Thus, the biological perils cognate to sexual activity incline to be the primary focus when edifying teens; however, the psychological and societal implicative insinuations may be the most consequential. Although a pregnant adolescent faces many stressors, which can translate into sundry psychological quandaries such as melancholy, the most consequential effects may pertain to the child. According to Steinberg (2011) children of adolescent mothers â€Å"are at a more preponderant risk of developing a variety of psychological and gregarious problems†; largely, due to being raised in a poor environment and/or a single parent household (p. 363). Psychological issues can additionally arise due to puerile parents interacting with their infant less often, which have a consequential effect on the child’s development (Steinberg, 2011).

Use Of Alfuzosin And Trial Health And Social Care Essay

Patients and Methods: A sum of 63 patients showing with a first episode of self-generated AUR related to BPH underwent exigency catheterisation and were so indiscriminately and blindly assigned to have 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day or placebo at a ratio of 2:1 for 3 yearss. The efficaciousness standard of this survey was the rate of successful TWOC within 24 hours after catheter remotion. The influence of factors such as age, urine keeping volume, fluid ingestion, irregularity and urinary piece of land infection ( UTI ) on TWOC result was besides assessed. Acute urinary keeping ( AUR ) represents one of most important and painful events in the natural history of benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) . Up to a 3rd of patients undergoing surgical intervention for BPH present with acute urinary keeping ( AUR ) . [ 1 ] Acute urinary keeping is associated with important anxiousness, uncomfortableness and patient incommodiousness. The impact on patients ‘ health-related quality of life is comparable to an onslaught of nephritic gripes. [ 2 ] The most common cause of urinary keeping is benign prostate hyperplasia. [ 3 ] Acute urinary keeping was one time considered an absolute indicant for prostatectomy but the patients ‘ desire to avoid surgery and development of successful medical direction has led to a more conservative attack normally being adopted. The attack and direction of AUR has undergone a profound alteration over the last decennary. We herein discourse the hazard factors and recent tendencies in the direction of AUR seco ndary to BPH. Between Jan. 2010 and October 2010, 63 patients with a minimal age of 51 old ages with a first episode of self-generated AUR related to BPH and a urine keeping volume of between 500 and 1,500 milliliter at catheterisation were enrolled in a randomised prospective placebo controlled survey done at Medical metropolis, Baghdad. All causes of precipitated AUR were considered as exclusion standards except irregularity and a high fluid consumption to find the specific influence of these two parametric quantities. Work force included in this survey were those older than 50 old ages presented with AUR and have residuary piss greater than 500 milliliters. Patients were excluded when they have neurogenic vesica disfunction, ague or chronic prostatitis, history of prostate and urethral surgery, known vesica rocks, urethral stenosis, coagulum keeping secondary to haematurias of any cause, residuary volume inferior to 500 milliliter or superior to 1,500ml, AUR non related to BPH, and those with o ther diseases including Parkinson ‘s disease, insulin dependant diabetes, multiple induration, stroke or myocardial infarction within the old 6 months, hepatic abnormalcies, neutropenia, nephritic inadequacy, unstable or terrible bosom failure, postural hypotension or faint, known hypersensitivity to ?-blockers, and suspected or diagnosed evolutive neoplastic disease. Patients having sympathomimetics, 5?-reductase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics, or first coevals antihistamines were besides excluded. At admittance and after the diagnosing of AUR associated with BPH was established, urethral vesica catheterisation was performed. Patients were randomized to have 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day or placebo with a ratio of 2 on alfuzosin to 1 on placebo harmonizing to a centrally established randomisation list. The catheter was removed after a lower limit of 2 doses of study drug and each patient received 1 extra tablet the twenty-four hours afte r catheter remotion. Catheterization clip and drained volume at catheterisation every bit good as patient demographic informations, BPH history, and general medical and surgical history were recorded. Clinical scrutiny and standard research lab trials were performed. TWOC was considered successful if the patient returned to satisfactory elimination within the first 24 hours following remotion of the urethral catheter without re-catheterization. No value of post-void residuary piss was specified. Sixty three patients enduring from first episode of AUR due to BPH were prospectively randomized into 2 groups of 42 for alfuzosin and 21 for placebo.The terminal point of the survey was the per centum of successful TWOCs. The influence on TWOC success rate by age, drained volume at catheterisation, active UTI at registration, irregularity before AUR, and unstable consumption within 24 hours before AUR was tested utilizing logistic arrested development method. The per centums of successful T WOC were compared between the groups utilizing chi -square trials. The per centum of patients who experienced at least 1 inauspicious event was lower in the alfuzosin group ( 3 of 40 or 8.4 % ) than in the placebo group ( 3 of 20 or 13.1 % ) . The most often reported event potentially related to ?-blockade in the alfuzosin group was orthostatic hypotension ( 1 of 40 patients or 2.5 % ) .DiscussionPressing prostate surgery performed for AUR consequences in greater morbidity and mortality than the same surgery performed on an elected footing. Surgical intercession in the presence of a urinary catheter can besides take to an increased hazard of sepsis. [ 4-6 ] , potentially lending to the ascertained addition in operative morbidity in this aged group. [ 7,8 ] For illustration, in the survey of Pickard et al 1,242 work forces who presented in AUR and underwent prostatectomy were at increased hazard for perioperative complications and at extra hazard for decease compared to work forces who underwent elected prostatectomy for symptoms entirely. Thus, inte rvention steps that can avoid pressing surgery or let surgical intercession on an elected footing without the presence of a urinary catheter can be considered of import in the direction of AUR. This survey demonstrates that 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day facilitates the return to normal elimination in patients undergoing TWOC for a first episode of self-generated AUR and it is good tolerated. It besides confirms that patient age 65 old ages or older and drained volume 1,000 milliliter or greater are risk factors for TWOC failure. Nevertheless, after leting for these 2 factors alfuzosin improved the successful TWOC. Some methodological facets of the survey may foremost be considered. The Study was designed to reflect existent life criterion medical attention in footings of the intervention of work forces in AUR. Thus, the context of the survey was peculiarly hard because it involved patients seen for exigency attention, whereas most clinical surveies in the BPH field are done in the more controlled scene of an outpatient clinic. The usage of a suprapubic catheter for AUR alleviation was considered but the overpowering bulk of published articles on AUR refer chiefly to a urethral catheter for initial direction, reflecting the common usage of this device in clinical pattern. [ 9 ] Therefore, a transurethral catheter was chosen. While a suprapubic catheter confers advantages in long-run usage, the demand for increased experience, clip and disbursal for this process are non offset by such advantages in the short Term [ 10 ] Catheterization continuance may besides be discussed. In the survey the catheter was removed after 2 doses of study drug that is after 2 or 3 yearss of catheterisation. Sing the high response rate observed in the placebo group ( 35 % ) and the fact that the success rate of TWOC clearly increases with continuance of catheterisation. [ 11 ] it is possible that shorter catheterisation or even in and out catheterisation would hold been an appropriate option. However, there is presently no consensus on this point.The consequences of the current survey are consistent with those antecedently reported with other ?1-blockers [ 12-15 ] and with 5mg alfuzosin twice daily [ 16 ] in little groups of patients in AUR. In the latter double-blind, randomized survey invalidating after catheter remotion was successful in 22 of 40 patients ( 55 % ) having alfuzosin vs 12 of 41 ( 29 % ) receiving placebo. This lower placebo response ( 29 % ) may be explained by the shorter continuance of catheterisation ( less than 2 yearss ) , as discussed. Age has been shown to be an of import factor that significantly influences TWOC result. In the old survey done with 5 milligrams alfuzosin twice daily the average age of patients with successful TWOC regardless of intervention was a average 4.5 old ages younger than that in those who failed to invalidate ( p 0.015 ) . [ 16 ] In the current survey, in which no upper age bound was set in the inc lusion standards, enabling aged work forces to be included and reflecting the prevalence of AUR, the inauspicious influence of age on TWOC result was once more clearly demonstrated. However, even in aged patients ( age 65 old ages or older ) at high hazard for TWOC failure alfuzosin increased the opportunities of successful elimination compared with placebo. The current survey besides confirmed the reported inauspicious influence of big drained volume on TWOC result. [ 17 ] Nevertheless, in patients with a drained volume of 1,000 milliliter or greater who were, therefore, more likely to hold impaired detrusor map a higher per centum of successful TWOCs was observed in the alfuzosin group compared with the placebo group. Other factors normally associated with AUR, viz. irregularity, acute urinary infection and/or high fluid intake were found to hold no important influence on TWOC result. [ 18,9,10 ] The consequences of the current survey are consistent with those reported by Madhu et Al. [ 19 ] Alfuzosin was good tolerated in this population of aged and frail patients with a average age of 69 old ages who were treated in an exigency state of affairs, including 32 % and 15 % with a history of high blood pressure and ischaemic bosom disease, severally. The incidence of inauspicious events or serious inauspicious events was comparable to that of placebo. It must be recognized that, sing the earnestness of the possible mortality/morbidity associated with exigency surgery for AUR and morbidity related to long-run catheterisation, the somewhat higher incidence of postural hypotension ( 2.5 % ) reported with alfuzosin in this acute state of affairs compared with placebo is to be considered negligible.DecisionThis survey clearly demonstrates that 10 milligrams alfuzosin one time day-to-day is effectual for bettering the opportunity of successful TWOC after a first episode of self-generated BPH related AUR even in aged patients and in patients with a big drained volume who are at increased hazard for TWOC failure. There is no increased hazard of an inauspicious event. The obvious benefit is that work forces can hold the catheter removed quickly and return place without the uncomfortableness and possible morbidity associated with an in situ catheter. Furthermore, in patients necessitating BPH surgery this should lend to diminish the morbidity and mortality normally associated with an acute process.

Generals Die in Bed †Plot Essay

When he thought war contained glory and glamour, he finds himself wrong when his comrades start to die, beginning with Brown. A while later, he is emotionally affected when he kills a German with his bayonet. His emotional status worsens when another of his friend dies. The narrator then goes on leave for 10 days in England, where a prostitute makes him forget about the war. When he comes back, an attempt to raid the Germans takes place where the rest of his friends, except Broadbent dies. The general tells the new team that the Germans sank a hospital ship, and organizes another raid, this time to kill everyone. The narrator has wounded his foot, and discover that Broadbent was mortally wounded too. Broadbent’s leg is hanging by a string of flesh, but then dies by blood loss. Then the war is over. The recruits are told that the general lied, the Germans didn’t sink a hospital ship. It was a ship filled with weapons. He then realizes war is basically a chess game for the generals, and the soldiers are just young boys, listening to the orders, with meaningless ideals Wikipedia

Comparison of Nora (A Dolls House) and Mrs.Alving (Ghosts).

Comparison of Nora (A Dolls House) and Mrs.Alving (Ghosts). Nora and Mrs. Alving are two main characters in Ibsen's plays. They are similar in some ways, but obviously they are both uniquely diverse. They play many of the same roles in their plays, and are probably the most similar two characters between "Ghosts" and "A Doll's House."Nora is a unique character, a kind not usually seen in most plays. She swings her mood often; she is either very happy or very depressed, comfortable or desperate, wise or na ­ve. At the beginning of the play, Nora still plays a child in many ways, listening at doors and eating forbidden sweets behind her husband's back. She has gone straight from her father's house to her husband's, bringing along her nursemaid which tells us that she hasn't really grown up. She also doesn't have much of an own opinion. She has always accepted her father's and her husband's opinions.Oswald PlushShe's aware that Torvald would have no use for a wife who was equal to him. But like many children, Nora knows how to manipulate Torva ld by pouting or by performing for him. In the end, it is the truth about her marriage that awakens Nora. Although she may suspect that Torvald is a weak, petty man, she believes that he is strong, that he'll protect her from the consequences of her actions. Then, at the moment of truth, he abandons her completely. She is shocked into reality and sees how fake their relationship has been. She realizes that her father and her husband have seen her as a doll, a toy to be played with, a figure without opinion or will of her own. She also realizes that she is treating her children the same way. Her whole life has been based on illusion rather than reality.Mrs. Alving married her late husband, Captain Alving, at her family' proposal, but she had a horrible marriage. She ran away to Pastor Manders, who she was attracted to, but he made her return to her husband. After enduring her husband's depravity for a while, she sent away Oswald at the age of seven, with the hope that he would never discover his dead father's immorality. Mrs. Alving built an orphanage to memorialize his death, and it was scheduled to be dedicated the following day. She didn't want anyone to know the truth about his person; she wanted everyone to think he was a great, honorable man. Fortunately, she at least had the compellation to tell her son the truth about his father.The occasions that arose for both characters were similar to some extent. One year into her marriage, Mrs. Alving, like Nora, walks out on her husband, fleeing to the house and into the arms of her friend Pastor Manders, only to be persuaded by him to return to her husband. Another similar occurrence was when Nora had to save her husband, by going into exile and away for a little bit, and Mrs. Alving saved her son by sending him into exile or at least away from their home so that Oswald would never have to grow up with his freelancing father.There were also some key differences between Nora and Mrs. Alving. In "A Doll's House", the reason of the union between Nora and Helmer relied on the husband's conception of integrity and unyielding devotion to social morality. He was the conventional, ideal husband and devoted father. Not so in Ghosts. Mrs. Alving married Captain Alving only to find that he was a physical and mental wreck, and that life with him would mean utter degradation and be fatal to her possible children. In her despair, she turned to her friend, Pastor Manders, who needed to be indifferent to necessities. He sent her back to shame and degradation, back to her duties to her husband and home. Happiness, to him, was the "unholy manifestation of a rebellious spirit," and a wife's duty was not to judge, but "to bear with humility the cross which a higher power had for your own good laid upon you."Mrs. Alving bore the cross for twenty-six long years. Not for the sake of the higher power, but for her little son Oswald, whom she longed to save from the poisonous atmosphere of her husband's home. Meanw hile, Nora fled her husband for the sake of the higher power, for the opportunity to find her own ideas and opinions, to gain an experience without the controlling factor that her husband had on her.

Enthusiasm and Enthuse

Enthusiasm and Enthuse Enthusiasm and Enthuse Enthusiasm and Enthuse By Maeve Maddox The English word enthusiasm derives from Greek entheos, â€Å"possessed by a god.† A person filled with enthusiasm was filled with a divine frenzy. An early meaning in English was â€Å" poetic or prophetic frenzy.† An â€Å"enthusiastic preacher,† for example, was what a modern speaker might call a â€Å"charismatic speaker.† From describing religious fervor, the use of enthusiasm extended to passionate feelings expressed in other areas, like politics. In the rational 18th century, the word’s religious application acquired the negative connotation of irrational or delusional. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), himself a deeply religious man, was suspicious of people who claimed to be privy to the divine will. In his dictionary, he defined enthusiasm as â€Å"a vain confidence of divine favour or communication.† The meaning he attached to vain was not the one now current; by vain, he meant â€Å"unprofitable, pointless, futile.† In his essay on the poet Abraham Cowley (1616-1667), however, Johnson used the word with the meaning of â€Å"poetic inspiration†: He [Cowley] was the first who imparted to English numbers the enthusiasm of the greater ode, and the gaiety of the less.–Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets. The verb enthuse is documented from 1827. The OED etymological note calls it â€Å"an ignorant back-formation.† Merriam-Webster, as one might expect, is less judgmental: Enthuse is apparently American in origin, although the earliest known example of its use occurs in a letter written in 1827 by a young Scotsman who spent about two years in the Pacific Northwest. It has been disapproved since about 1870. Current evidence shows it to be flourishing nonetheless on both sides of the Atlantic, especially in journalistic prose. As a transitive verb, enthuse is used with the meaning â€Å"to kindle with enthusiasm†: The liveliness of the dance enthused the audience. Used intransitively, enthuse has the meaning â€Å"to grow enthusiastic; to go into ecstasies†: Here I caught up with Parallels chairman David Ciclitura and group managing director Stewart Mison and listened as they enthused about the business potential offered by professional golf tournaments. Flourishing or not, enthuse is a word that continues to raise hackles, so it’s best to avoid its use in a formal context. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples80 Idioms with the Word TimeEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism - Essay Example Others linked it with civil disobedience while others label it as acts of violence. However, experts claimed that these three are very different terms from each other but in as much as one wished to gain adequate understanding of the word â€Å"terrorism†, it is crucial also to obtain insight about the other two terms often connected with it. Civil disobedience is deemed acceptable by many deliberative democrats as long as it remains relevantly tied to the objective of communicative action (Allen 15). However, Allen also emphasized that certain kinds of terrorism cannot be ruled out either (15). On the other hand, an individual must acknowledge that the deliberative democrat will not really be able to justify taking life as a maneuver for the reason that dead people cannot deliberate (Allen 15). Allen highlighted that this does not rule out terrorism per se, the object of which is not death so much as to bringing about fear, anxiety and trauma (Allen 15). Moreover, while a per sistent circumstance of fear would set the boundaries on forethought, restricted and transitory physical harm to individuals need not (Allen 15). For this instance, it entails that deliberative democrats must elucidate why purposely causing some physical harm to property or person is constantly an illicit and unlawful means of communication and demonstration (Allen 15). This paper endeavors to explore the concepts associated with terrorism and to tackle the impacts brought about by such circumstance. Definition, Association and the Concepts surrounding Terrorism Terrorism had always been synonymous to threat, intimidation, trauma and destruction. Individuals express anxiety whenever such term is brought up. Defining exactly what terrorism is proves to be a rather daunting task. One must also learn and understand to grasp the essence of the other terms connected with it to be able to fully obtain a clear insight about what this is as guided by certain propositions of expert and the l aw. Civil Disobedience is one of the terms confused with terrorism for the reason that some governments might label such acts as form of terrorism even though for the ones doing it, their main objective was only to find a means for their voices to be heard and for their standpoints to be given attention. Civil Disobedience is a tactic that is hard to reconcile neatly with persuasion and communication as stressed by Allen (15). Indeed, many deliberative democrats are willing to concede that civil disobedience contains some irreducible elements of threat and intimidation (Allen 15-16). Nevertheless, the deliberative democrats still supposed that it can still be accommodated within the conceptual orbit of deliberative democracy, and the priority that it gives to legitimate actions through public communication (Allen 16).

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic - Essay Example CNN International started transmissions on January 1, 1984 at first broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The huge bulk of the network's programming primitively consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN channels, CNN/US and Headline News. However, the quantity of news programming created by CNN International especially for international viewers significantly enhanced, in 1990, which came forth as an internationally oriented news channel with staff members of various national backgrounds. On July 4, 1997, CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal and in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, Ted Turner said: "My idea was, we're just going to give people the facts†¦We didn't have to show liberty and democracy as good, and show socialism or totalitarianism as bad. If we just showed them both the way they were†¦clearly everybody's going to choose liberty and democracy." ... ates was launched on January 11, 2009 and CNN International adjusted half an hour in its schedule with a new evening prime program for the Middle East viewers â€Å"Prism†. From January till September 2009, CNN International conformed more programs that went pitched to a primetime European audience with a few titled after CNN International charismas especially the interview program Amanpour. The channel plunged a new tagline "Go Beyond Borders", accenting the international view that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences and also referring to the various platforms to broadcast their contents, along with a new logo on September 21, 2009. The Channel amalgamated its general newscasts (CNN Today, Your World Today, World News, World News Europe and World News Asia) into a single newscast entitled World Report. CNN International has launched new programs for evening-prime and meliorated its schedule from 2010. The Domestic CNN has increased the CNN International schedule by adding the new talk show program â€Å"Piers Morgan Tonight† in 2011. Today, CNN International has six variants namely: CNN International Europe/Middle East/Africa, based in London, England, United Kingdom; CNN International Latin America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International North America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International Asia Pacific based in Hong Kong SAR, China; CNN International South Asia based in Hong Kong SAR, China; and CNN International Middle East, based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.3 Al-Jazeera Owned by the state of Qatar and headquartered in Doha, Qatar, Al Jazeera is an independent broadcaster through the Qatar Media Corporation. Al Jazeera was initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel and

Debate between a chinese Qing official and japanese meiji official Essay

Debate between a chinese Qing official and japanese meiji official concerning their policy toward the european influence and aggression in east - Essay Example The Western countries exercised hegemonic ambitions and even fought among themselves for prized colonies as their possessions. This period also saw two contrasting approaches in how to deal with the new world order. China had been a regional power for several millennia at around this time and saw no need to modernize itself. It prided itself on its technological, scientific, and military advances, discoveries, inventions, and innovations and thereby did not feel threatened by the growing influx of Western influence into Asia. China got complacent due to this imperial hubris and so did not take the appropriate steps to turn back European aggression into East Asia. Japan before the Meiji Restoration (September 1868 to July 1912) had been always a country that was mainly agricultural (poor), beset with local wars (due to the feudal system in which samurai clans had held attachment to their ancestral lands), weak militarily, and little or no technological development to speak of. Young reformers during the onset of the Meiji era saw Western expansionism as a threat and acted accordingly. They introduced reforms to the countrys political and social systems by adopting Western ideas to modernize Japan. China for several centuries had gotten used to being the regional power in the central Asian region. It had attained a high degree of development in its civilization by a number of world firsts, such as the civil service system, the invention of gunpowder, a unique system of writing, and an imperial system of highly-regarded examinations for entrance to government service. Its Confucian values and centralized, bureaucratic government allowed it to control large tracts of lands and its tributary system allowed it to collect raxes from the neighboring countries to help support its government bureaucracy and imperial treasury. In other words, the high civilization of China was attained without any significant external help or

Tuition reimbursement Essay Example for Free

Tuition reimbursement Essay Introduction According to (Hall, 2000. 30-31), tuition reimbursement refers to a study program for adult learners which involve provision of financial help to meet the cost of education of the adult learners. The organizations for which the adult learners work for are required to meet the educational costs as part of employees’ benefits and growth and development strategy. According to (Hall, 2000. 30-31) tuition reimbursement has several benefits to an organization. First of all, tuition reimbursement increases productivity of the organization in that, with the acquisition of new skills, employees are empowered to perform more complex tasks faster and more efficiently than it is the case whereby employees lack important skills and training.    The second direct advantage of the tuition reimbursement program is the fact that, employees given the opportunity to study become more loyal to the organization and feel more close to the organization and therefore are less likely to quit their jobs. In this way, tuition reimbursement greatly puts employee turnover very low to the advantage of the organization’s growth.   Therefore tuition reimbursement leads to improved employee retention and clearly minimizes the costs associated with the staffing process. This increases profits for the organization. For the organization, tuition reimbursement qualifies the given organization to tax benefits in accordance to the revenues act of 1978 (Rocchi, 1997.87-90). This is beneficial to both the organization and the employees in that, the organization saves a lot in terms of taxes payable to the government, the tuition reimbursement is crucial to the employees in that, they stand to gain promotions easily than their counterparts who may not poses such skills and knowledge.   Tuition reimbursement are important to an organization in that, employees become more skilled and as a result, the organization ends up with a more united work force which is not only effective but also efficient since there is a general feeling of security for the employees and a feeling of being appreciated. Tuition reimbursement is very important to organizations in that it gives a chance to those who missed the opportunity while young but have the willingness and the desire to achieve high academic standards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human resources form the engine of an organization. An organization, which wants to achieve its goals and objectives, should invest in knowledge management as it is the heart of empowering employees as well as mentoring their talents. Any organization, which does not take into consideration, the learning needs of employees is bound to fail in its objectives. The greatest challenge facing organizations as far as career growth and development of employee are concerned is increased costs associated with funding employee adult learning courses.   It is approximated that, organizations spent about $1800 to train a single employee annually something which is quite tasking on part of the organization (Spooner, 1999.12-43). Such a huge amount of money evidently causes financial constraints and if managers do not appreciate the importance of career development, it is hard for organizations to sponsor adult learning programs on basis of the huge associated costs. Adult learning has very many advantages in that it determines job performance and the success of a given organization. The fact that learners have had a considerable exposure to job aspects, challenges and real issues implies that, given an opportunity to study, the adult learners stands a great chance of taking theories and concepts to real life issues (Schwartz, 1992.56-98). Adult learners can easily link concepts to issues at work something which implies that, given an opportunity to learn, adult learners can even outperform fresh graduates in terms of connecting class lesson to practicals work situations and are therefore likely to overcome barriers in the work place. While fresh recruits find it hard to link class theories to work situations and challenges, and learners easily associate into work situations what they study in school. When adult when adult learners go into college, they go there with a vision. Perhaps, having seen challenging tasks, which need some knowledge they lacked, they proceed to college with a dream, with some expectations and a clear focus of what to gain in the studies. Usually it is very tough for adult learners to go back to class considering that, they have financial burdens such as families to fend for and many other financial commitments. This implies that, by the time an adult makes the decision to go back to class, the motivation is very high, the expectations are realistic and the drive is genuine. While young learners may end up in schools for a number of different reasons, different sources of motivation, it is rare to get the same case being true for the adults. This is the reason why human resources managers should come up with tuition reimbursement programs for adult learners willing to go back to studies. The company has a moral obligation to nurture the talent in the employees not withstanding the employers’ gains achieved after they have invested in the studies of their employees. Usually employees who are sponsored to schools would rarely quit a job soon after the training something which implies that, the new skills and knowledge learnt in school is likely to benefit the company considering the wealth of evidence linking training to increased job performance. If employees are given the necessary support in terms of sponsorship to attain their academic goals, this is to the employees; a form of empowerment is likely to boost their morale making them to improve their job performance.   Employees who decide to go back for studies after a while and after having a contact with the job environment are more likely to appreciate what education means to their lives and they are also more likely to have the right attitude towards studies (Andrieu, St. John, 1993.44-79). The above implies that the outcome of tuition reimbursement is that; the organization will have focused and knowledgeable human resources. For the organization, it also implies that, they can promote such employees to managerial positions instead of recruiting from outside the organization whenever they need to fill senior job vacancies.   This to the organization is beneficial in that, employees who have been with the organization for longer periods understand the organizations’ environment, external and internal processes in a better way. This are an advantage to the organization in that, the organization will not have to incur the expenses associated with debriefing new employees who carry on organizational cultures from their previous organization to their new organization. Normally, no organization operates in similar manner like any other given organization and therefore employees who are recruited on the strength of their past experience usually face challenges in adjusting to the new organization’s culture. These difficulties in adjusting to new environment may some time take long periods of time and therefore negatively affect job performance in the organization. Tuition reimbursements are the best solution to the prevention of inconveniences and uncertainties of having to recruit certain skills outside the organization. Conclusion Tuition reimbursement programs if well utilized can be beneficial to an organization. The program is however faced with great challenges considering that it can be open to abuse by employers who may use the program as a bait to woo employees in to remaining with the organization against their wishes. However, if well utilized, the program greatly improves productivity, employee motivation and saves the company a lot in terms of tax benefits such organizations enjoy from the government. There is a need for all organization to implement the program so that, any willing employee can enjoy the benefits associated with tuition reimbursement schemes. References Andrieu, S. St. John. E. (1993.44-79). The Influence of Prices on Graduate Student Persistence. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 399-425. Hall, K. (2000. 30-31). Distance Education: An Insider’s View. AALL Spectrum. Rocchi, B. (1997.87-90). Nine Reasons Why You Should Go To Professional Conferences. NetNexus. 3. Schwartz, A. (1992.56-98) How to Handle Conflict Between Employees. Supervisory Management (37) Spooner, F. (1999.12-43) Student Rating of Instruction in Distance Learning and On-Campus Classes. Journal of Educational Research. (92)

The Narcissistic Condition :: Trust Morals Psychology Essays

The Narcissistic Condition The Narcissistic condition emanates from a seismic break of trust, a tectonic shift of what should have been a healthy relationship with his "primary objects" and the transformation of his self into the subject of love. Some of these bad feelings are the result of deeply entrenched misunderstandings regarding the nature of trust and the continuous act of trusting. For millions of years nature embedded in us the notion that the past can teach us a lot about the future. This is very useful for survival. And it is also mostly true with inanimate objects. With humans the story is somewhat different: it is reasonable to learn from someone's past behaviour about his future behaviour (even though this proves erroneous most of the time). But it is mistaken to learn from someone's behaviour about other people's. Actually, most psychotherapy is nothing but the effort to disentangle past from present, to teach the patient that the past is gone and has no reign over him anymore, unless the patient lets it to. Our natural tendency is to trust, because we trust our parents. It feels good to really trust. It is also an essential component of love and an important test. Love without trust is dependence masquerading as love. We must trust, it is almost biological. Most of the time, we do trust. We trust the Universe to behave itself according to the laws of physics, our army not to go mad and shoot us all, our nearest and dearest not to betray us. When trust is broken, the feeling is that a part of us dies, is hollowed out. Not to trust is abnormal and is the natural result of bitter or even traumatic life experiences. Mistrust or distrust are induced not by our own thoughts, nor by some device or machination of ours - but by life's sad circumstances. To continue not to trust is to reward the people who wronged us and made us distrustful in the first place. These people have long abandoned us and still they have a great, malignant, influence on our lives. This is the irony of the lack of trust . So, some of us prefer not to experience this sinking feeling: not to trust and not to be disappointed. This is both a fallacy and a folly. Trusting releases enormous amounts of mental energy, which could be better invested elsewhere.

Country Report – Italy

Marks and Spencer Group (M&S) is a leading retailer of clothing, foods and home-ware. The company operates in about 34 countries worldwide with UK as its primary market. It is headquartered in London, UK and employs about 52,700 people (approx). The company recorded revenues of i8,588. 1 million during the fiscal year ended March 2007, an increase of 10. 1% over 2006. The operating profit of the company was i1,045. 9 million during fiscal year 2007, an increase of 23% over 2006. The net profit was i659. 9 million in fiscal year 2007, an increase of 26. 2% over 2006. Italy has a growing economy with huge business opportunities, being the 8th largest economy of the world and fourth largest of Europe. It is also one of the main members of the European Union and being an open economy it has no investment restrictions especially for an EU member country. It has also adopted the euro as a currency which might come into play. Fashion being one of the main industries in Italy and this can be seen by the fact, that the trend setter fashion companies for the world like Giorgio Armani, Diesel and Benetton feels home in Italy. The clothing and fashion market is very competitive, foreign companies have not had a great success, moreover it is the only country with only one foreign fashion retailer in the top 10 and that is Zanier (on position 9th in Italy). This shows it has a mature home industry but still the market is not fully competitive and it has its own niches which might need some more exploitation. Marks and Spencer can be a suitable retailer to invest in Italy, With 760 stores in more than 30 countries around the world which shows that the company has a vast experience of doing business in foreign soil. It is one of the most iconic and widely recognized chain stores in the United Kingdom, and is the largest clothing retailer in UK and also an established food retailer. Marks and Spencer has more chances of becoming a lucrative food retailer because of the changing eating habits of Italians, as a result of globalization. The food industry in Italy is very scattered and mostly based on medium sized companies and no firm has absolute market share, this could be an advantage for a firm like Marks and Spencer which could establish its roots in welcoming Italian food market before other giants join the game. The Italian food retail market grew by 0. 6% in 2004 to reach a value of $91. 9 billion. In 2009 the market is forecast to have a value of $107. 5 billion, representing an increase of 17. 0% since 2004. Supermarkets form the most lucrative market sector, generating 64. % of the market's overall revenues. Italy accounts for 9% of the overall European food retail market. The leading revenue source for the Italian food retail market in 2004 was the supermarket sector, which accounted for 64. 4% of the market's value, generating total revenues of $59. 11 billion in 2004. The company should also do a detail market research before investing and it might need to present itself in a different way by giving it a local touch in order to achieve consumer acceptability but still the business would be competitive. The major competitors would be Coop & Conad and Interdis the company also poses threat form the German giant LIDL which already has 320 stores around Italy. The company can also experiment with its household and furniture at the same time company has a considerable success in this department in the recent past, besides that the concept of home wares is still taking its grip and it could become a cash cow for M&S. In the near future the furniture could also give a positive response if managed properly. Getting back to the clothing which is the main product of Marks and Spencer, though the market is highly competitive and market penetration is a monster of a task there are still some market niches which could be exploited to get the maximum advantage for example, the formal clothing has always been of the highest quality and has a world wide recognition. Since the product is of such high quality it is most likely to be appreciated which could result in high volume of revenue moreover, the company also has a vast experience of penetrating in foreign competitive markets which could be used in this situation. Wine is another product which could be used to attract customers, currently it is a serious competitor in UK. M&S has produced many award winning wines, this is one of the areas which could be very important as Italians are wine lovers and they will always try something new, if the standards are met. It could be a regular revenue generator. Marketing will also hold the key in this situation and retailers who market themselves well are more likely to be successful then the ones who didn't divert much of its resources in this area. Since elections are approaching in Italy so the management should also wait and see how the newly formed government changes its policies especially corporate and tax policies and the company has to see that it is suitable to invest in the country and should analyze the financial pros and cons of expansion. The firm should consider the locations of its outlets; the obvious one would be Milan, Rome and Naples. The company can also open stores in the less developed area like south of Italy, it will attract tax soaps for investing it in less developed areas and providing employment opportunities but consumers in south unlike in the north will be having lower purchasing power and this could be the decisive factor. Investment and expansion decisions are always a bit of a gamble but with the right strategy it can give rewards. One important factor is the goodwill which can come into play as Marks and Spencer's is one of the leading retailers in the world and it is a trusted brand. It is more likely to receive a welcoming response rather that loosing out. The company can use its vast experience of expansion to the maximum and can come up with a positive result. The retail market structure in Italy is also developing and if M&S adopts the right policy it can grow with and could become one of the leading retailers providing quality clothing, food, home ware and wine under one roof. Thus investing a large amount of money in a developed area or a developing area would help an individual/organization/economy to get a strong financial background and right amount of publicity which would enhance the image of the brand and the country. At the same time recognition of the brands reflects the fame of the country.